How to Appeal a Rent Repayment Order in Wales

Receiving a Rent Repayment Order (RRO) decision from the Residential Property Tribunal in Wales can be stressful, especially if you disagree with the outcome. This guide explains your right to appeal an RRO decision in Wales, the appeal process, the forms you’ll need, and essential deadlines—all in clear, renter-friendly language.

Understanding RRO Decisions and Appeals in Wales

In Wales, a Rent Repayment Order is a legal decision where a landlord may be ordered to pay back some or all rent to a tenant, often due to issues like operating without a licence or breaking housing laws. RRO applications and decisions are handled by the Residential Property Tribunal Wales.

Can You Appeal an RRO Decision?

Yes, both tenants and landlords have the right to appeal a Rent Repayment Order decision in Wales if they believe the tribunal has made a legal or procedural error. An appeal is not a chance to re-argue your case from the beginning, but to challenge the tribunal’s decision based on mistakes in law or procedure.

Grounds for Appeal

You can appeal an RRO decision if you believe that:

• The tribunal made a legal error or misinterpreted the law
• There was a procedural mistake (for example, you were not given a fair chance to present your case)

Appeals are not automatically granted—you usually need permission ('leave') to appeal. If your case qualifies, it will be heard by the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber).

How to Appeal: Steps and Deadlines

If you want to appeal a decision, it's important to act quickly. Here are the main steps for renters:

• Step 1: Check the Deadline
  The deadline for applying for permission to appeal is usually within 28 days from the date the decision notice was sent to you.
• Step 2: Apply for Permission to Appeal
  You must first ask the Residential Property Tribunal Wales for permission to appeal. This allows them to review whether your appeal has reasonable grounds.
• Step 3: Use the Right Form
  Form T601: Application for Permission to Appeal is used for this purpose.
  Example: If you believe the tribunal wrongly calculated the amount the landlord must repay, fill out Form T601 as soon as possible and submit it to the tribunal.
• Step 4: Tribunal Decides Permission
  The tribunal will decide if you have valid grounds to proceed. If permission is refused, you can apply to the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber).
• Step 5: Appeal at Upper Tribunal
  Once permission is granted, your appeal will go to the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) for a final decision.

Key Form: Application for Permission to Appeal (Form T601)

• Name and Number: "Application for Permission to Appeal" (Form T601)
• When Used: When you wish to appeal an RRO decision made by the tribunal
• How to Use: Complete Form T601 explaining why you believe the decision was wrong, attach supporting documents, and submit to the Residential Property Tribunal Wales within the deadline.
• Official Source: Residential Property Tribunal Wales: Forms and Guidance

Relevant Legislation

Rent Repayment Orders in Wales are governed by the Housing (Wales) Act 2014.¹ The tribunal appeal process is set out by the Tribunal Procedure (First-tier Tribunal) (Property Chamber) Rules 2013 (with local tribunal practice for Wales).²

What Happens After You Appeal?

If your appeal goes ahead, the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) will review the papers and may ask for further information or hold a hearing. They can:

• Dismiss the appeal (if they agree with the first decision)
• Allow the appeal and change the RRO decision
• Order a new hearing

If you win, the RRO may be changed, and you could get more (or less) rent repaid as a result.

FAQ: Appealing an RRO Decision in Wales

1. How long do I have to appeal an RRO decision in Wales?
   The deadline is typically 28 days from the date the tribunal's decision notice was sent to you.
2. Which tribunal do I contact to appeal a Rent Repayment Order?
   Appeals start with the Residential Property Tribunal Wales. If permission is granted, the case can go to the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber).
3. Are there fees to appeal an RRO decision?
   There are usually no fees to apply for permission to appeal, but check the latest guidance from the tribunal.
4. Can I get help filling out Form T601?
   Yes. Welsh tenants can get advice from advocacy organisations or call Shelter Cymru for support on completing tribunal forms.
5. What if my appeal is refused by the Residential Property Tribunal?
   You still have the right to apply directly to the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) for permission to appeal.

Key Takeaways

• You can appeal a Rent Repayment Order decision in Wales if you act within 28 days and use the correct forms.
• Appeals are about mistakes in law or procedure, not repeating the whole case.
• Get support, stick to the deadlines, and check the official tribunal website for forms and guidance.

Need Help? Resources for Renters

• Shelter Cymru: Free housing advice for renters
• Citizens Advice Wales: Tenancy rights and legal support
• Residential Property Tribunal Wales: Contact and support
• Gov.uk: Your rights as a private renter

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1. Housing (Wales) Act 2014
2. Tribunal Procedure (First-tier Tribunal) (Property Chamber) Rules 2013

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