Can I appeal a tribunal decision if I disagree with the outcome?

Yes, but only if you have grounds (such as a legal error or serious procedural problem). You must apply for permission to appeal and act quickly. See the government's appeal guidance.

Does the tribunal cost anything for renters?

Some cases (such as rent increases) have a fee, but others are free. You might qualify for a fee waiver or reduction if you're on a low income. Check the application fee guidance.

How long does it take for a tribunal to decide?

Timing varies, but rent increase or repair cases often take a few months from application to decision. Urgent matters may be prioritised in some circumstances.

Do I need a lawyer to use the tribunal?

You are not required to have legal representation. Many renters present their own cases, and the tribunal is designed to be accessible. However, you can seek advice from a housing adviser or solicitor.

What evidence should I include in my application?

Include all relevant correspondence, tenancy agreements, photographs, receipts, and any other documentation that supports your case.

Decisions a Housing Tribunal Can Make for Renters in England

Dispute Resolution & Housing Tribunals England published: June 29, 2025

Are you a renter in England facing a disagreement with your landlord—whether about rent, repairs, a deposit, or eviction? The housing tribunal can help resolve certain disputes. Understanding what a tribunal can decide is an empowering first step. This article provides a clear, practical guide for renters in England to navigate the tribunal process, including which issues the tribunal covers, how to apply, and what to expect at each stage.

What Is the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber)?

The First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) in England is an independent body that resolves housing and property disputes between landlords and renters. It’s designed to offer a fair, accessible, and often less formal alternative to court for certain issues.

What Types of Cases Can a Tribunal Decide?

Not all disputes go to the tribunal—the types it can decide are set out by law. In England, common matters include:

Challenging a rent increase or a proposed new rent (for tenants with an assured or assured shorthold tenancy)
Disputes over repairs or the condition of the property (e.g., under a landlord’s maintenance duties)
Deposit disputes (in some cases, mainly relating to how deposits are protected)
Right to manage disputes for leaseholders (in buildings converted into flats, for example)
Eviction notices where the tenant wants the tribunal to rule on whether a notice is valid
Service charge issues, often involving leasehold flats

Each case type may have specific requirements. For example, not all renters can challenge a rent increase; you usually must have received a valid Form 4 (Landlord's Notice proposing a new rent) in advance. For a full list of issues, see the official tribunal guidance.

What Can the Tribunal Decide or Order?

Tribunal powers vary depending on the issue, but they can:

Decide a fair rent if you challenge a landlord’s increase
Order a landlord to complete repairs
Decide whether a section 21 eviction notice is valid
Resolve certain tenancy deposit disputes (although deposit schemes generally do this)
Rule on the reasonableness of service charges
Determine who should manage a property (e.g., disputes about right to manage in leasehold buildings)

In most cases, the tribunal’s decision is binding on both parties.

Which Tribunal Forms Do Renters Need?

The forms you’ll need depend on the type of dispute:

Rents (Private Rented Sector): Form Rent 1: Use if you want to challenge your landlord’s proposed rent for an assured or assured shorthold tenancy. For example, if you’ve received a "Form 4 – Landlord's Notice proposing a new rent" and believe the amount is unfair, complete Form Rent 1 and send it to the tribunal within the time allowed.
- Form name and number: Application for determination of a new rent (Form Rent 1)
- Official link: Form Rent 1 (gov.uk)
Repairs or Condition: You may use a disrepair claims form (check local tribunal for specific form) if your landlord is not keeping the property safe or in good repair.
Eviction Notices: If you want the tribunal to review whether a notice (such as a Section 21 notice) is valid, Include all correspondence and notices in your application.

If you're unsure which form to use, contact the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) for guidance or ask your local council’s housing department.

All forms should be submitted to the appropriate regional office as listed on the official First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) contact page.

How Does a Tribunal Work?

Tribunals aim to be simpler and less formal than court. The typical process is:

Submit your form and supporting evidence. This starts your case.
Both parties are notified and may respond. Landlords are given a chance to reply.
A hearing date is set, or the matter may be decided on papers.
You present your case—this can often be done in person, by phone, or online.
The tribunal decides and issues a binding decision.

Key tip: Make sure you meet all deadlines and gather strong evidence for your application—such as written communication, photographs, or rent notices.

Some types of disputes do not require a hearing, while others (like rent increase challenges) usually involve short, focused sessions. You typically do not need a solicitor, but legal advice can help.

Relevant Legislation for Tribunal Decisions

The tribunal’s authority is set by national laws, including:

Housing Act 1988 (including rules on rent increases, eviction, and security of tenure for assured and assured shorthold tenancies)
Rent Act 1977 (some protected and regulated tenancies)
Housing Act 2004 (including deposit protection laws)

Always check which law applies to your tenancy before applying.

FAQ: Housing Tribunal Decisions for Renters

Can I appeal a tribunal decision if I disagree with the outcome?
Yes, but only if you have grounds (such as a legal error or serious procedural problem). You must apply for permission to appeal and act quickly. See the government's appeal guidance.
Does the tribunal cost anything for renters?
Some cases (such as rent increases) have a fee, but others are free. You might qualify for a fee waiver or reduction if you're on a low income. Check the application fee guidance.
How long does it take for a tribunal to decide?
Timing varies, but rent increase or repair cases often take a few months from application to decision. Urgent matters may be prioritised in some circumstances.
Do I need a lawyer to use the tribunal?
You are not required to have legal representation. Many renters present their own cases, and the tribunal is designed to be accessible. However, you can seek advice from a housing adviser or solicitor.
What evidence should I include in my application?
Include all relevant correspondence, tenancy agreements, photographs, receipts, and any other documentation that supports your case.

Conclusion: Key Takeaways

The First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) can resolve many common renter-landlord disputes in England, including rent increases and some eviction matters.
Using the correct official form and following the steps carefully is crucial for a positive outcome.
Decisions are legally binding and based on relevant tenancy laws such as the Housing Act 1988.

Before applying, gather clear evidence, understand your rights, and use official tribunal guidance for your specific situation. Tribunals offer an accessible pathway for renters seeking fair resolution.

Need Help? Resources for Renters

First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) – Guidance, application forms, and contacts
Problems with your landlord (gov.uk) – Practical steps and official information
Shelter England – Get Help – Free expert advice and support
Citizens Advice housing advice – Local and online support with housing rights