Many tenants and renters in England can use a rent repayment order to get back rent paid when a landlord has acted unlawfully. This page explains when you may be eligible, how to gather evidence, which official forms and tribunals are involved, and practical steps you can take without legal expertise. I explain how to check time limits, report serious housing offences to the local authority, and make an application to the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber). If you are unsure whether an offence has taken place, the guide shows simple actions to protect your case, such as keeping receipts, photos and written records of repairs and notices.
What is a rent repayment order?
Rent repayment orders (RROs) are a legal remedy that can require a landlord to repay rent paid by a tenant where the landlord has committed certain housing offences. The rules sit alongside statutes such as the Housing Act 1988 and the Rent Act 1977[3]. For practical guidance and official criteria see the GOV.UK overview Rent Repayment Orders[1].
When you can apply
- The landlord has been banned from letting, convicted of a housing offence, or engaged in illegal management practices.
- You paid rent for a period when the property required a licence or the landlord did not have legal permission to let.
- A local authority has served an improvement or prohibition notice that was not complied with.
Official forms and where to apply
- Apply to the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) using the tribunal application process. The tribunal's guidance explains how to submit an application and which documents to attach; see the First-tier Tribunal page First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber)[2]. Example: Sarah used the online application to request an RRO after her landlord ignored an improvement notice.
- If the landlord has been convicted in criminal proceedings, you can ask the court for an RRO after conviction; follow the GOV.UK guidance linked above.
FAQ
- Who can apply for a rent repayment order?
- Tenants and former tenants can apply, and in some cases agents or local authorities may bring proceedings on behalf of tenants.
- How much rent can I reclaim?
- Typically you can seek repayment for up to 12 months' rent for the period affected by the offence, but amounts can vary depending on the circumstances.
- How long do I have to apply?
- Time limits vary; many claims must be brought within 12 months of the offence or from the date of conviction, so check guidance and act quickly.
How-To
- Gather evidence: collect tenancy agreements, rent receipts, photos, repair requests and messages from the landlord.
- Confirm eligibility and check time limits, for example whether the relevant offence happened within the last 12 months.
- Complete the tribunal application, attach evidence, and submit the required fee or fee waiver request if eligible.
- Attend the hearing or submit written evidence if the tribunal allows; follow directions and keep copies of everything you send.
Help and Support / Resources
- [GOV.UK] Rent Repayment Orders
- [GOV.UK] First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber)
- [legislation.gov.uk] Housing Act 1988
