Landlord Changed Locks in Wales: Your Tenant Rights Explained

If you discover your landlord has changed the locks on your rental home in Wales without warning, it can feel distressing and unfair. Many renters wonder what their rights are and what steps they can take to regain access. In Wales, strict rules protect tenants, and landlords must follow a formal legal process when ending a tenancy. This article covers what you should do if your landlord changes the locks, your rights under current Welsh legislation, and the official actions available to you.

Is It Legal for a Landlord to Change the Locks in Wales?

Under Welsh law, landlords cannot just change the locks or exclude you from your property without following a specific legal process for eviction. This type of action is commonly known as 'unlawful eviction'.

• A landlord must serve you with a proper eviction notice, giving the correct amount of notice depending on the tenancy type.
• Only after a court order or warrant for possession has been obtained, can a landlord take steps to repossess the property.
• It is illegal for a landlord to change the locks, threaten, or physically remove tenants without a court order.

Unlawful eviction is a criminal offence in Wales, and tenants have the right to seek help from the authorities.

Immediate Actions If You Are Locked Out

Discovering a changed lock can be alarming, but staying calm and acting quickly can protect your rights:

• Do not try to force your way back in, as this could lead to legal trouble.
• Gather evidence such as photographs or videos of the new locks, and keep a record of missed belongings inside.
• Contact your landlord and request immediate re-entry. Keep all communications in writing if possible.
• If you cannot regain access, call your local council's housing department, as they can intervene.
• You may contact the police using the non-emergency number (101) to report unlawful eviction.

If your landlord has changed the locks without a court order, you have the right to take legal action and may be eligible for compensation.

The Formal Eviction Process in Wales

Landlords in Wales must serve a valid notice before eviction. Here are the steps:

• For most tenancies, your landlord should serve a written statement of contract and then issue a Termination Notice if they want you to leave.
• After the notice period, if you do not move out, the landlord must apply to court for a possession order via the Possession Claim Online system.
• Only after a court grants a possession order, and a bailiff attends, can the landlord lawfully remove you or change the locks.

Relevant Forms to Know

• Notice Seeking Possession (Section 173 Notice)
  If you rent via an occupation contract (introduced under the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016), your landlord should serve a Section 173 Notice. This must provide at least six months’ notice in most cases, unless for antisocial behaviour.
  See official model notices here.
  Example use: Your landlord completes this notice, serves it to you, and if you remain, then applies for a court possession order.
• Possession Claim Form N5B Wales
  This is used by landlords to apply to the county court for a possession order. See Form N5B Wales.
  Example use: After notice expires, landlord applies to court. The court sends you a copy and allows you to submit a defence.
• Defence Form N11B Wales
  If you receive Form N5B, you may respond with Defendant’s Defence (N11B Wales). See Form N11B Wales.
  Example use: Use this to explain why you believe you should not be evicted (e.g. incorrect notice given).

Reporting Unlawful Eviction

If a landlord changes the locks without following the formal process, you can report them to your local council’s environmental health or housing department.
The local authority can investigate and may prosecute the landlord under the relevant legislation.

You can also seek advice or take civil action for re-entry or compensation.

Who Handles Tenancy Disputes in Wales?

Disputes about unlawful eviction or possession claims in Wales are handled by the County Court. In Wales, housing law and eviction rules are based on the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016¹.

FAQ: Renters' Rights If Locks Are Changed in Wales

1. Is it ever legal for a landlord to change the locks without my consent?
   No. Landlords must follow a formal process and cannot change locks or exclude you without a court order. This is unlawful eviction.
2. What should I do first if I'm locked out?
   Contact your landlord in writing, collect evidence, and call your local council for help. You can also involve the police.
3. Can I get back into my home if the landlord has locked me out?
   Yes, you can ask the court for an injunction to regain access, or get local council support. Forcing entry yourself is not advisable.
4. Is compensation possible if I am unlawfully evicted?
   Yes, courts can award compensation. Unlawful eviction is both a civil and criminal matter.
5. Does it matter if I am behind on rent?
   Your landlord still cannot lock you out without a court order, regardless of rent arrears.

Key Takeaways for Renters in Wales

• A landlord cannot change the locks or evict you without a court order in Wales.
• If locked out, seek immediate help from your local council and collect evidence.
• Unlawful eviction is a criminal offence, and you may be entitled to regain entry or claim compensation.

Understanding your rights can help protect your home and peace of mind if you face a sudden lockout situation.

Need Help? Resources for Renters in Wales

• Welsh Government Housing Advice – Official guidance and support
• Shelter Cymru: Unlawful Eviction Advice – Free, confidential support for renters facing eviction or lockouts
• Find your local County Court – For possession and unlawful eviction claims
• Contact your local council housing or homelessness team urgently if locked out

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1. See: Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016 – Official Legislation
2. Official eviction process: Welsh Government Eviction Notices FAQ & Forms
3. Unlawful eviction guidance: GOV.UK: Illegal eviction and harassment of tenants

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