Who Handles Structural Damage Repairs in Northern Ireland Rentals?

If you rent a property in Northern Ireland and notice cracks in the walls, water leaks from the roof, or serious issues with the foundations, you may wonder: Who is responsible for fixing structural damage? Understanding your rights and the process for getting repairs can help keep your home safe and legally compliant.

Understanding Structural Damage in Rentals

"Structural damage" usually means problems with the main parts of your home, such as the walls, roof, foundations, or floors. These issues can affect your safety and the property's overall stability. In most tenancies in Northern Ireland, the law sets clear rules about responsibilities for such repairs.

Who Is Responsible for Structural Repairs?

Generally, your landlord is legally responsible for fixing structural damage in your rental. This includes:

  • Repairs to external and internal walls
  • Roof repairs (including chimneys and gutters)
  • Floors, staircases, and foundations
  • Drains and pipework (for structure, not for tenant-caused blockages)

These responsibilities are set out in the Private Tenancies (Northern Ireland) Order 2006[1] and, for social housing, in related Housing Executive tenancy agreements.

Tenant Responsibilities

As a tenant, you must report issues as soon as possible in writing to your landlord or letting agent. Tenants are not responsible for structural repairs unless the damage was caused wilfully or through neglect. However, you may need to repair minor damage you caused, like broken fixtures or accidental damage.

Reporting Structural Damage: Steps to Take

It's important to act quickly and follow the right procedure when you notice structural damage:

  • Document the problem: Take clear photos and note the date you noticed the issue.
  • Contact your landlord or agent in writing (email or letter): Describe the problem and request a repair, keeping a copy for your records.
  • Allow reasonable time for repairs: For urgent risks, landlords should act promptly. For less severe issues, timelines may vary.
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If Your Landlord Doesn't Carry Out Repairs

If your landlord fails to fix the problem after a reasonable time, you have options:

  • Contact your local council Environmental Health department: They have the power to inspect rented properties and can order landlords to carry out necessary repairs if health and safety are at risk.
  • Consider applying to the Residential Tenancies Panel (via the Department for Communities): This official body deals with disputes between tenants and landlords about repairs, deposits, and more. Learn about the Residential Tenancies Panel.

Key Northern Ireland Forms and Services

  • Private Tenancies Repairs Complaint Form – Used to notify your local council if your landlord refuses to make essential repairs after being informed in writing.
    Example: If you have contacted your landlord about a leaking roof, waited a reasonable time, and no repairs have been made, fill out this form and submit it to your council’s Environmental Health Service.
    Official source: nidiRECT Repairs Complaint Form
  • Residential Tenancies Panel Application – For formal resolution if basic repairs are not made, especially after Environmental Health involvement.
    Example: If your landlord still refuses repairs after the council's intervention, you may apply to the Panel.
    Official source: Residential Tenancies Panel Overview
Keep a record of all communication with your landlord about repairs—it may help if you need to involve the council or tribunal.

Relevant Legislation

Structural repair responsibilities in Northern Ireland are mainly outlined in the Private Tenancies (Northern Ireland) Order 2006[1]. Social tenants may also be covered by the Housing (Northern Ireland) Order 1983[2].

FAQ: Structural Repairs in Northern Ireland Rentals

  1. Does my landlord have to repair serious cracks or subsidence in my home?
    Yes, landlords are legally responsible for structural issues like severe cracks or subsidence. Tenants should report these immediately and in writing.
  2. How quickly must my landlord address structural problems?
    Urgent or dangerous faults (like a risk of collapse or falling masonry) should be addressed promptly. Non-urgent issues should be fixed within a reasonable timeframe, but the law does not state exact deadlines.
  3. Can I arrange repairs myself and deduct costs from rent?
    This is risky and normally not allowed except in very limited circumstances. You must give the landlord written notice and a chance to fix the issue first. Seek advice from your council’s Environmental Health team before taking action.
  4. What if my landlord says the damage is my fault?
    If the damage was not wilfully or negligently caused by you (or your guests), the landlord remains responsible. If there’s a dispute, the council or Residential Tenancies Panel can help decide.
  5. Who enforces housing standards for rented homes?
    Local council Environmental Health departments enforce housing standards. They can inspect properties and order landlords to carry out repairs.

Need Help? Resources for Renters


  1. Private Tenancies (Northern Ireland) Order 2006
  2. Housing (Northern Ireland) Order 1983
Bob Jones
Bob Jones

Editor & Researcher, Tenant Rights UK

Bob writes and reviews tenant law content for various regions. They’re passionate about housing justice and simplifying legal protections for renters everywhere.