What to Do if Your Landlord Changes the Locks in England

If your landlord has changed the locks to your rented home in England, you may feel shocked, frightened, or unsure of your next move. It's important to know that the law offers protection for renters against unlawful eviction, and several official bodies can help. This guide explains what to do, what your rights are, and who to contact for help if you find yourself locked out by your landlord in England.

Understanding Lock Change: When Is It Illegal?

In most cases, it is illegal for a landlord to change the locks or prevent you from accessing your home without following a formal eviction process. This is classed as an ‘unlawful eviction’ under the Protection from Eviction Act 1977. Your landlord must get a court order before making you leave your home in almost all circumstances.

• A landlord cannot force entry, remove windows or doors, or change locks while you are a tenant.
• Written notice and a legal eviction process are required except in rare circumstances (e.g., if you have never had a tenancy or licence).

Immediate Steps to Take if You’re Locked Out

If you arrive home to find the locks changed, act quickly to protect your rights:

• Stay calm and do not attempt to force entry, as this could cause legal problems.
• Try to contact your landlord and ask for immediate access.
• Gather evidence (photos of changed locks, any notes left, witness statements).
• Contact your local council’s housing department, who have powers to help you return home.
• Get specialist housing advice as soon as possible (see resources below).

Contacting the Local Council

Your local council can intervene if you are illegally evicted. Councils may prosecute landlords who unlawfully exclude tenants.

Your Rights as a Renter

Most tenants in England are protected under the Housing Act 1988 and the Protection from Eviction Act 1977^1,2. Even if your tenancy has ended, you are usually entitled to remain in your home until a court order for eviction is granted and enforced by court-appointed bailiffs.

If your landlord changes the locks without a court order, this is almost always illegal. You can seek help to gain re-entry and claim compensation.

Official Complaints and Forms

If your landlord refuses to let you back in:

• Report to your local council’s housing options or private sector housing team – councils have the power to prosecute landlords for unlawful eviction. Find your council’s details on the GOV.UK find your local council page.
• If you wish to claim compensation or challenge your eviction in court, you may use official court forms:

• N1 Claim Form: Used to start civil court proceedings, such as a claim for re-entry or compensation for unlawful eviction. Example: If you are locked out and wish to ask the court for an injunction and damages, you would use form N1 Claim Form (CPR Part 7).
• N244 Application Notice: If you urgently need an injunction (court order) to regain entry, use the N244 Application Notice.

Court forms must be submitted to the appropriate County Court. For emergency injunctions, courts can often act very quickly, sometimes on the same day.

Support from Housing Tribunals and Courts

The First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) handles many residential tenancy disputes in England, but unlawful eviction claims and injunctions are made via the County Court. For tribunal queries, see the official First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) website.

In summary, most renters have strong rights against lock changes by landlords without a court process, and official routes exist to get back into your home and pursue compensation if your rights are breached.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can my landlord ever change the locks without a court order?
   No, in almost all cases a landlord must obtain a court order for eviction before changing locks. Without this, it is usually an unlawful eviction.
2. What should I do immediately if I’m locked out?
   Contact your landlord, collect evidence, and get in touch with your local council or a housing adviser urgently. Do not force entry yourself.
3. Can I get back into my property if the landlord has changed the locks?
   You may be able to obtain a court injunction (via an N244 form) to gain access. Seek urgent advice and contact your council for assistance.
4. What compensation can I claim for unlawful eviction?
   If a landlord unlawfully excludes you, a County Court may award compensation for losses and distress. This is usually done using the N1 Claim Form.
5. Who can help me challenge my landlord’s actions?
   Your local council, Citizens Advice, and solicitors who specialise in housing law can all assist, as can legal aid (if you’re eligible).

Need Help? Resources for Renters

• Shelter England: Illegal eviction advice
• Citizens Advice: Illegal eviction guidance
• GOV.UK: Eviction from a privately rented property
• Find your local council
• First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber)

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1. Protection from Eviction Act 1977
2. Housing Act 1988
3. Court Form N1 (Claim Form)
4. Court Form N244 (Application Notice)

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