Living in a house in multiple occupation (HMO) as a tenant can raise specific safety questions about gas appliances and pipework. This guide explains in plain language what tenants in England can expect from landlords, what checks must happen, and the practical steps to raise concerns. It covers annual gas safety checks, the landlord’s duty to provide a gas safety record (CP12), how to report dangerous faults, and where to find official help if repairs are delayed. The aim is to give renters clear, actionable advice so they can protect their home and know when to involve local authorities or the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber).
Landlord responsibilities
Landlords of HMOs must follow gas safety rules to keep tenants safe. Below are the common duties landlords must meet for England HMOs.
- Arrange an annual gas safety check by a Gas Safe registered engineer.
- Provide each new tenant with a copy of the gas safety record (CP12) within 28 days and keep records for two years.
- Repair or replace unsafe gas appliances and pipework without unreasonable delay.
- Ensure flues and ventilation remain safe and are regularly maintained.
- Do not allow unqualified persons to service or install gas equipment.
What is the gas safety record (CP12)?
The gas safety record, commonly called CP12, is the practical certificate produced after a gas safety check. It lists appliances inspected, any defects, and the engineer's details. Tenants should receive a copy for their unit and communal appliances. For official guidance and the landlord duties that mention CP12 see the GOV.UK guidance.[1]
Example: when CP12 matters
If you move into a rented room in an HMO and you do not receive a copy of the CP12 within 28 days, ask your landlord in writing and keep a copy of your message; if there is no response, you can contact your local council or the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) for next steps.[2]
Immediate danger and reporting
If you smell gas or suspect a leak: leave the property immediately, avoid using electrical switches, do not smoke, and call the National Gas Emergency Service on the national number for gas emergencies. Then call your landlord or managing agent to report the problem.
Repairs, access and tenant actions
Tenants have a right to a safe home; use these practical steps if repairs are needed.
- Keep dated records: save emails, photos, videos and messages showing the defect and your contact with the landlord.
- Report the issue in writing (email or message) and request a deadline for repair.
- Contact your local authority environmental health if repairs are not made and you believe the property is hazardous.
- If the landlord does not act and the hazard continues, you may apply to the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) or seek a rent reduction where appropriate.
Enforcement and the tribunal
If a landlord repeatedly ignores dangerous gas faults, tenants can escalate to the local council or the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) for England, which deals with many housing disputes including dangerous conditions and claims for compensation. Apply or find tribunal guidance on the official tribunal page.[2]
Relevant legislation affecting tenancy rights in England includes the Housing Act 1988 and the Rent Act 1977; these set out core tenancy rules and remedies that can be used in disputes.[3][4]
FAQ
- How often must gas appliances in an HMO be checked?
- All gas appliances in a rented HMO must have a safety check at least once every 12 months performed by a Gas Safe registered engineer.
- Can my landlord enter to carry out a gas check?
- Yes, landlords can access the property to carry out safety checks but should give reasonable notice and arrange a time that is reasonable; emergencies are an exception.
- What can I do if my landlord does not provide a CP12?
- Ask in writing for the CP12, keep records, report to the local authority if there is a risk, and consider applying to the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) if the landlord does not comply.
How-To
- Identify the risk: note smell of gas, carbon monoxide symptoms, or visible damage and record evidence with photos or video.
- Call the gas emergency number if there is an immediate danger and then inform your landlord or managing agent.
- Report the issue in writing to the landlord, request a CP12 or repair within a clear timeframe, and keep copies of communications.
- If the landlord does not act, contact your local authority environmental health for enforcement action.
- As a last step, apply to the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) for a remedy or compensation if other routes fail.
Key Takeaways
- Landlords must arrange annual gas safety checks and provide a CP12 to tenants.
- Tenants should keep clear records of faults, communications and any evidence of danger.
- If hazards remain, involve the local council or apply to the First-tier Tribunal.
Help and Support / Resources
- Gas safety: Landlord responsibilities - GOV.UK
- First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) - GOV.UK
- Housing Act 1988 - legislation.gov.uk
