When you move into a rented home in England, changing locks or improving security is a common concern for tenants. You may wonder whether youre allowed to replace keys, who should pay, and what steps protect your rights. This guide explains tenant and landlord responsibilities, how to ask for permission, what to do if a landlord wont cooperate, and the official forms and tribunals you might use. It uses plain language and practical examples so you can act confidently at move-in, keep your possessions safe, and avoid disputes. If you have immediate safety fears or suspect unlawful entry, follow the emergency steps described below and contact the appropriate authority.
Locks, tenancy and the law
Most tenancy agreements deal with locks and entry, but statutory rights also affect what you can do. In England residential tenancy law is framed by legislation including the Housing Act 1988[1] and the Rent Act 1977[2], which influence possession, tenancy types and some obligations. Whether you can change a lock often depends on the tenancy type (for example assured shorthold tenancy) and any clauses in your written agreement. Always read your tenancy agreement first and note any clauses about keys, altered locks or security devices.
Asking to change locks: practical steps
If you want new locks at move-in, raise the request quickly and clearly in writing. Explain why (safety, lost keys, previous occupants), propose who will pay, and give reasonable times for them to respond. Keep copies of all messages and receipts if you pay for works yourself. If a landlord agrees, ask for written confirmation of who will keep spare keys and whether duplicate keys can be made.
- Check your tenancy agreement for any lock or entry clauses.
- Contact the landlord or agent in writing, requesting permission and stating reasons.
- Agree who pays: tenant, landlord, or split the cost and keep receipts.
- Get written permission before changing locks unless there is an immediate safety emergency.
Official forms and remedies
There is no special national "lock change" form, but other official forms and processes may be relevant if disputes follow. For example, Section 21 eviction notices use Form 6A and are important to understand if tenancy status or possession is disputed; tenants should review the official Form 6A guidance before taking steps that might affect the tenancy[3]. If a landlord unlawfully enters, changes locks without permission, or fails to address safety concerns, tenants can seek remedy through the relevant authority; in England many housing disputes and applications may involve the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) for certain tenancy types or the county court for possession matters[4].
When to call the police or emergency services
If you face an illegal eviction, forced entry, threats, or immediate danger, call 999 and report the incident. For non-emergencies about harassment or unlawful entry, local police non-emergency lines and local council housing teams can advise next steps. Keep all evidence such as photos, timestamps and witness names.
Repairs and security upgrades
If security issues amount to disrepair (broken locks, broken doors, unsafe windows) the landlord usually has a responsibility to repair. Ask for repairs in writing and set a reasonable deadline. If the landlord does not act, you may be able to report the issue to your local councils housing team or pursue a formal claim; keep records of your requests and any costs you incur.
- Report security defects in writing and request a completion date.
- Allow reasonable time for the landlord to arrange repairs after formal notice.
- Keep photographic evidence of faults and completed repairs.
FAQ
- Can I change the locks without telling the landlord?
- You can change the locks only if your tenancy allows alterations or in an emergency where your safety is at risk; otherwise ask the landlord in writing and keep permission documents.
- Who normally pays for new locks?
- If locks are changed because of landlord negligence (for example previous occupants keys not returned), the landlord often pays; if you request a security upgrade for personal reasons you may be asked to pay or split costs, subject to agreement.
- What if a landlord enters without notice or changes my locks?
- Unlawful entry or lock changes can be harassment or illegal eviction; document the event, contact the police for immediate risks, and seek advice from housing authorities or the tribunal.
How-To
- Check your tenancy agreement and move-in inventory for lock and entry clauses.
- Contact the landlord in writing explaining the reason for new locks and request written permission.
- Agree who will pay and get any payment or reimbursement terms in writing.
- Arrange a qualified locksmith, keep receipts and provide spare keys to the landlord only if required by agreement.
- If you cannot agree, collect evidence and consider applying to the appropriate tribunal or court for a remedy.
